2015.12.9 - Week13

A. Vocabularies to Know
1) crimson: having a dark deep red color
2) Illium: is another name of Troy
3) promiscuous: (of a person) having a lot of different sexual partners or sexual relationships, or (of sexual habits) involving a lot of different partners
4) applaud: to show enjoyment or approval of something such as a performance or speech by clapping the hands repeatedly to make a noise
5) condemn: to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons
6) pride: a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good
7) applicant: a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or a place at college or university
8) blacken: to become black or to make something become black
9) sicken: to become ill
10) banish: to send someone away, especially from their country, and forbid (= refuse to allow) them to come back
10-1) exile: the condition of someone being sent or kept away from their own country, village, etc., especially for political reasons
B. Explanation
a) hubris
Hubris means, in a modern context, extreme pride or self-confidence; in its ancient Greek context, it typically describes violent and excessive behavior rather than an attitude. When it offends the gods of ancient Greece, it is usually punished. The adjectival form of the noun hubris is "hubristic".
Hubris is usually perceived as a characteristic of an individual rather than a group, although the group the offender belongs to may suffer consequences from the wrongful act. Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments or capabilities, especially when the person exhibiting it is in a position of power.
b) Irony
Irony (from Ancient Greek) meaning "dissimulation, feigned ignorance"), in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case. Irony may be divided into categories such as verbal, dramatic, and situational.
Verbal, dramatic, and situational irony are often used for emphasis in the assertion of a truth. The ironic form of simile, used in sarcasm, and some forms of litotes can emphasize one's meaning by the deliberate use of language which states the opposite of the truth, denies the contrary of the truth, or drastically and obviously understates a factual connection.
Other forms, as identified by historian Connop Thirlwall, include dialectic and practical irony
c) tragedy
Tragedy is a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in audiences. While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term tragedy often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization. That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical continuity—"the Greeks and the Elizabethans, in one cultural form; Hellenes and Christians, in a common activity," as Raymond Williams puts it.